Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud su Pirkei Avoth 1:12

הִלֵּל וְשַׁמַּאי קִבְּלוּ מֵהֶם. הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, אוֹהֵב שָׁלוֹם וְרוֹדֵף שָׁלוֹם, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת וּמְקָרְבָן לַתּוֹרָה:

Hillel e Shammai lo hanno ricevuto da loro. Hillel dice: Sii dei discepoli di Aaronne, amando la pace e perseguendo la pace, amando gli uomini e avvicinandoli alla Torà. [Spiegarono in Avoth d 'R. Nathan come Aaronne amasse la pace. Quando vedeva due uomini litigare, andava da ciascuno senza la conoscenza dell'altro e gli diceva: "Guarda il tuo amico. Guarda come si rammarica per quello che ha fatto e come si colpisce per aver peccato contro di te. mi ha chiesto di venire da te e di pregarti di perdonarlo. " In seguito, quando si incontravano, si baciano. E come avrebbe avvicinato gli uomini alla Torah? Quando sapeva che un uomo aveva trasgredito, lo avrebbe fatto amicizia e lo avrebbe guardato gentilmente—allora l'altro penserebbe, vergognoso: "Se quel tzaddik fosse a conoscenza delle mie cattive azioni, come si sarebbe allontanato da me!" Di conseguenza, si pentirà. Questa è la testimonianza del profeta (Malachia 2: 6): "In pace e giustizia ha camminato con me (Aaronne) e molti si sono allontanati dal peccato"].

Avot D'Rabbi Natan

Love all people. How so? This teaches us that a person should love all people and not hate anyone. For so we find with the people of the Generation of the Dispersion,1See Genesis 11:1–9. that because they loved one another, the Holy Blessed One did not want to wipe them off the face of the earth, but instead only scattered them to the four corners of the world. But the people of Sodom, because they hated one another, the Holy Blessed One took them out of both this world and the World to Come, as it says (Genesis 13:13), “And the people of Sodom were very wicked and sinful against God.” “Sinful” – this is sexual transgression; “against God” – this the desecration of God’s name; “very” – this means that they sinned intentionally. From this you learn that because they hated one another, the Holy Blessed One took them out of both this world and the World to Come.7.
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Avot D'Rabbi Natan

And bring them closer to Torah. How so? This teaches us that a person should prevail upon others and bring them under the wings of the Divine Presence, just as Abraham prevailed upon those around him and brought them under the wings of the Divine Presence. [And not only Abraham, but also Sarah, as it says (Genesis 12:5), “Abram took his wife Sarai, and his nephew Lot, and all of their possessions, and the souls they had made in Haran.” But even if everyone in the world got together, they would be unable to create even one mosquito! So what does it mean when it says, “the souls they had made in Haran”? It teaches us that the Holy Blessed One considered it as if they had actually made new souls.
When a person does not give part of what he earns to his fellows in this world, then he will not be given anything in the World to Come, as it says (Ecclesiastes 4:1), “Look at the tears of the oppressed, and they have no comforter. Power is in the hand of their oppressors, and they have no comforter.” Why does it say “they have no comforter” twice? This refers to people who eat and drink in this world, and their sons and daughters are successful, but in the World to Come they have [nothing and they have no] comforter. For if a person has something stolen from him in this world, or if someone he knows dies, then his children, siblings, and other relatives come and comfort him. Could it be that the same is true in the World to Come? That is why the verse then says (Ecclesiastes 4:8), “He has neither son nor brother.”
So, too, with someone whose sexual transgression produces a mamzer [a child born of certain forbidden sexual relations]. They say to him: Empty one! You have ruined yourself and you have ruined him as well! [For this mamzer would have wanted to study Torah with the rest of the students] who sit and study in Jerusalem. But this mamzer would go with them only up to Ashdod, and then would stop there and say: Woe is me! If I were not a mamzer, I would have gone to sit and study among the students whom I have been studying with until now. But because I am a mamzer, I cannot sit and study among these students. For a mamzer cannot enter Jerusalem at all, as it says (Zechariah 9:6), “The mamzer will stay in Ashdod, (and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.”
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